In today's class, we created a smell in our Esterfication lab. My group chose
Here's a quick review if you do not remember how Esterfication works:
Amines and Amides
May 20, 2010
at
8:12 PM
| Posted by
lacheeeks
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Amide-%28primary%29-skeletal.png)
Amines:
end in -amine after the alkyl prefix
have a double bonded oxygen to the carbon chain and NH2 connected to the carbon chain
Name the following:
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI2CGY3QU3GH1Z1tSmHbUobbuCx3IYXhRAiHMHItyGysKdH6x16wfJcv9vJ6G9JGwnk3u5hCE4y7bGicCdZP-chstlR_Me9TNc3I53NMHewuIqK4Di1xi9Ni65MbQwWm3NPqEuEoeb24Q/s320/amide.bmp)
Answers:
1. ethanamide
2. methanamide
![](http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/0/p/s/primaryaminegroup.jpg)
Amides:
end in -amide with the carbon prefix
have possibilities of primary (one carbon chain), secondary (two carbon chains), or tertiary (three carbon chains) chains connected to nitrogen
Name the following:
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXMiklj4hxATvch1bMdptkMLu_ChlLbo8Bd7T0UoLoWHmFtZAYx0cb9fCQ3DucWt0aa9qfdp1bhGnmXkbRMACrTvegL0prPWUPvFI4Bfs_WcMdZDUgE6ryhhPgyLpeoCn3K6DEWp9JY4w/s320/amine2.bmp)
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg5Wrpeed4kR3akhhoSM1WAFJSDc_BcA879qvZBTSe5RhMtozeouEL1257B1iJlVFf9_HoqHRLz7PF8BCbtkTOGhh4LDjT98Dnp8E9ys18gGPOe0twvkxJtfRWhuxJmmUk5phP0Rj5cuc/s200/amine1.bmp)
Answers:
1. dimethylamine
2. methylamine
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Aldehydes, Carboxylic Acids, Esters & Esterfication
at
12:01 PM
| Posted by
lacheeeks
ALDEHYDES
Naming: change the -e ending to -al
![](http://www.canadaconnects.ca/_chemistry/photos/aldehyde_func_group.png)
Ex. Draw Methanal (formaldehyde)
![](http://www.docbrown.info/page15/Image1879.gif)
Ex. Benzaldehyde
![](http://www.docbrown.info/page15/Image1928.gif)
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Naming: change the ending to -oic acid
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Carboxylic-acid-skeletal.svg/748px-Carboxylic-acid-skeletal.svg.png)
Examples:
![](http://www.askthenerd.com/ocol/CH21/GIF/N1.GIF)
ESTERS
Naming: the primary chain has the -yl ending and the secondary chain takes the -oate ending
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Ester.png)
Examples:
![](http://www.uiweb.uidaho.edu/bioenergy/Bioshortcourse/images/bonds.JPG)
ESTERFICATION
Always has H2O
![](http://science.pc.athabascau.ca/reagentstud.nsf/c982974ea911edc887257093006b238d/76a4c0a4f55352d687257092006168fc/$FILE/Fisher%20Esterification%20Mechanism.jpg)
Check out this website for some help!
http://www.ausetute.com.au/esters.html
Naming: change the -e ending to -al
![](http://www.canadaconnects.ca/_chemistry/photos/aldehyde_func_group.png)
Ex. Draw Methanal (formaldehyde)
![](http://www.docbrown.info/page15/Image1879.gif)
Ex. Benzaldehyde
![](http://www.docbrown.info/page15/Image1928.gif)
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Naming: change the ending to -oic acid
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Carboxylic-acid-skeletal.svg/748px-Carboxylic-acid-skeletal.svg.png)
Examples:
ESTERS
Naming: the primary chain has the -yl ending and the secondary chain takes the -oate ending
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Ester.png)
Examples:
ESTERFICATION
Always has H2O
![](http://science.pc.athabascau.ca/reagentstud.nsf/c982974ea911edc887257093006b238d/76a4c0a4f55352d687257092006168fc/$FILE/Fisher%20Esterification%20Mechanism.jpg)
Check out this website for some help!
http://www.ausetute.com.au/esters.html
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Functional Groups
May 18, 2010
at
9:07 PM
| Posted by
blk A chemists
Halides:
-halogen atoms replace a hydrogen: Bromo, Chloro, Floro
EX. 2,2, dibromo 3 chloro, 1,3 difloro propane
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigOcHSijG0wohJje0QwHrlAtnv6IigFfWCxzxbPoXEWlS4erAnusR7d2ll-5DkFRTiBHNHOYjFi_7LM8a8laRkN-mu4iE4aqTUJSbf9L8n-XG2PPRugzf-C_jsBrQ0sTC_nTgRplx_xpE/s200/halide.jpg)
Alchohols:
-OH or hydroxyl group
-change the ending to -ol
EX. 3 floro 2 methyl 4 pentaol
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkDGYY1CJh1GkdvYruN6FYJ3Sj03p0yRXYERzgdFPnLICgP6l-VHQ1fe5XRm76KG7QfgfhrEbSscEGPmScUc9_UslqDnb19c-cBJwHn5UTGSy4tUqJ6oRCMlKhJDL4CGvA2ThHh9ZGjgI/s200/alcohol.jpg)
Ketones:
-oxygen atom doubled bonded to carbon
-change the ending -one
EX. 2 propaone (acetone)
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRFBfSxgJDvO3hAInHZbb9VXmpQIDq32eOQe2OsIkThz6FVsn9dl85dwBA0if2xYh8hLuum9qqFd-MfGjAQbAjkxo_LTXtwjvH2ErThhSNt9pnEEcy01mbhpIg9UcBSXCrMQ_saFAUmX4/s200/ketones.jpg)
Ethane:
-have an O joingin the two carbon chains together
-name carbon side chain with -yl ending and add 'ether'
EX. diethyl ether
-halogen atoms replace a hydrogen: Bromo, Chloro, Floro
EX. 2,2, dibromo 3 chloro, 1,3 difloro propane
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigOcHSijG0wohJje0QwHrlAtnv6IigFfWCxzxbPoXEWlS4erAnusR7d2ll-5DkFRTiBHNHOYjFi_7LM8a8laRkN-mu4iE4aqTUJSbf9L8n-XG2PPRugzf-C_jsBrQ0sTC_nTgRplx_xpE/s200/halide.jpg)
Alchohols:
-OH or hydroxyl group
-change the ending to -ol
EX. 3 floro 2 methyl 4 pentaol
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkDGYY1CJh1GkdvYruN6FYJ3Sj03p0yRXYERzgdFPnLICgP6l-VHQ1fe5XRm76KG7QfgfhrEbSscEGPmScUc9_UslqDnb19c-cBJwHn5UTGSy4tUqJ6oRCMlKhJDL4CGvA2ThHh9ZGjgI/s200/alcohol.jpg)
Ketones:
-oxygen atom doubled bonded to carbon
-change the ending -one
EX. 2 propaone (acetone)
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRFBfSxgJDvO3hAInHZbb9VXmpQIDq32eOQe2OsIkThz6FVsn9dl85dwBA0if2xYh8hLuum9qqFd-MfGjAQbAjkxo_LTXtwjvH2ErThhSNt9pnEEcy01mbhpIg9UcBSXCrMQ_saFAUmX4/s200/ketones.jpg)
Ethane:
-have an O joingin the two carbon chains together
-name carbon side chain with -yl ending and add 'ether'
EX. diethyl ether
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh53Y-HoGqF3f6fBKselyrs1ZMg0FnLY6hkPTZHGLVPNDy1nyavO-d8HFsg_z2euLMLrdAVRHoLssYL7fPszadMI_NJ5duJLOwdZAC-1RNBxesDd7Qmbn6TVz18qELrPnKKtsLm2iNSaO0/s200/ether.jpg)
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Alkenes & Alkynes
May 4, 2010
at
4:55 PM
| Posted by
lacheeeks
ALKENES
- compounds with double bonds end in -ene
- a number in front of the parent chain tells where the double bond is
- more than 1 double bond changes the parent chain slightly
ALKYNES
- for compounds with triple bonds, use the -yne ending
- follow all the same alkene rules
Here's a quick recap:
And for some practice, check out this worksheet:
Organic Chemistry (with answers)
- compounds with double bonds end in -ene
- a number in front of the parent chain tells where the double bond is
- more than 1 double bond changes the parent chain slightly
ALKYNES
- for compounds with triple bonds, use the -yne ending
- follow all the same alkene rules
Here's a quick recap:
And for some practice, check out this worksheet:
Organic Chemistry (with answers)
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