CHEMISTRY SHENANIGANS

- there are more carbon compounds than all ionic compounds combined
- the study of carbon compounds is organic chem
- carbon can have multiple bonds and form many different shapes

Hydrocarbons have 3 types of formulas:
- molecular formulas (C6H14)
- condensed structural formula (CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3)
- structural formula


Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons
- One molecular formula can have a number of different structures
- Isomers are compounds that can be drawn in more than one way

How to name alkanes
1) Add "ane" to the longest chain with the correct suffix
2) Locate any branches by number carbon atoms (with the lowest numer)
3) Name branches with the appropriate suffix and -yl ending (Alkyl branches)
4) If there are more than one of the same alkyl group, number each one and add the multiplier number in front of the branch name

- the formation of a solution depends onthe ability of the solute to dissolve in the solvent
-solvation is the interaction btw solutes and solvents
-ionic solids (salts) are crystals made up of ions
-molecular solids are cystals made up of neutral molecules
-dissolving ionic solutions produces ions in a process called dissociation
-ionization is the break up of a neutral molecutle into charged particles

EX. CH3COOH--->CH3COO- + H+

-Determining concentrations is relatively easy

EX. What is the [Cl-] in a solution of 0.50M AgCl3
1)AgCl3--->Ag+ + 3Cl-
2)0.50 x 3 = 1.50M

- solvents and solutues can be polar or non-polar
- non-polar substances have equal charge distribution
- polar substances have unequal charge distribution
- in simpler terms, polarity depends on the symmetry of the structural diagram

Practice Questions: Determine whether each is polar or non-polar.
SiF4
SF4
PCl5
H2O
XeF4

Answers:
Non-polar
Polar
Non-polar
Polar
Non-Polar