-# of protons = # of electrons
-ions have different # of protons and electrons
-ions cane either be positive (lost e) or negative (extra e)
-cation = positive ion
-anion = negative ion
EX. Determine how many electrons each of the ions have. What type of ion are they(cation/anion)?
-Ca2+ lost 2e, cation, 18e
-Ag+ lost 1e, cation, 46e
EX. Determine how many protons,neutrons,electrons the following substances have.
-76As3- p=33 n=43 e=36
-201Au+ p=79 n=122 e=78
Bohr Diagrams for Ions
-energy level bohr diagram
8e <--- Ca+ 8e 2e 40Ca 20 Chemical Bonds
-a bond is an electrostatic attraction between particles
-bonds occur as elements try to achieve noble gas electron configuration
---> noble gases (usually) dont form compounds/bonds
---> in noble gasese the outermost energy level have stable octets
-metals lose electrons (oxidize)
-non-metals gain electrons (reduced)
Lewis Dot structure
-atoms can be repersented by dot diagrams
---> dots represent electrons
---> only valence electrons shown
-write the atomic symbol for the atom
---> this represents the nucleus and filled inner electrons levels
-one dodt is used to represent outer energy level elctrons
---> one e is placed in each orbital before any pairing occurs
---> beginning with the 5th e, pairing can occur up to max. of 8e
EX.
Ionic Bond
-electrons are transtered from metal to non-metal
---> no dots are shown on metal
-"charged" species is written in brackets
EX.
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